Why should syphilis be reconsidered in gynecological clinical practice? Why are women more vulnerable to late diagnosis? What are the key points for timely and effective diagnosis and treatment? What are the avoidable consequences of diagnostic and therapeutic delays? Syphilis is caused by the sexually and vertically transmitted bacterium Treponema pallidum. Syphilis, wrongly considered outdated, is making an aggressive comeback worldwide. From a medical point of view, diagnostic timeliness is hampered by: a lack of familiarity with this re-emerging disease and a consequent lack of consideration in the anamnestic picture and differential diagnosis; complex course, which alternates insidious and variable symptomatic phases, with periods of clinical latency, while the disease continues its pro-inflammatory and destructive action at the subclinical level. The late or missed diagnosis of syphilis leads to a prolonged infection, with permanent and at times fatal outcomes. The danger of a delay in diagnosis also results in persistent infectivity of the patients, who continue to infect their sexual partners, and the fetus, if pregnant. The aim of the work is: to identify the key points for timely and effective diagnosis and therapy of syphilis in gynecology, with a focus on vulvar and vaginal vulnerability; to analyze the reasons for its insidious hidden diffusibility; to discuss the diagnostic difficulties, the limited availability of the most effective drug, penicillin, the current lack of a vaccine and finally why it is difficult to follow the course of the disease and its therapy through laboratory diagnostics. The final goal is to enhance the diagnostic effectiveness of the gynecologist.